Robust audio watermarking based on low-order Zernike moments

Abstract

Extensive testing shows that the audio Zernike moments in lower orders are very robust to common signal processing operations, such as MP3 compression, low-pass filtering, etc. Based on the observations, in this paper, a robust watermark scheme is proposed by embedding the bits into the low-order moments. By analyzing and deducting the linear relationship between the audio amplitude and moments, watermarking the low-order moments is achieved in time domain by scaling sample values directly. Thus, the degradation in audio reconstruction from a limited number of watermarked Zernike moments is avoided. Experimental works show that the proposed algorithm achieves strong robustness performance due to the superiorities of exploited low-order moments. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006.