Complex systems

Abstract

Complex systems are ubiquitous and have become increasingly focused on scientific and business domains since they are part of our daily life, business, and environment. Deeply understanding the intricacies of complex systems is thus a basic task in the scientific domain. In this chapter, we explore: The system complexities of complex systems, to summarize the main characteristics of complex systemsSystem transparency, to outline general categories of complex (as well as simple) systems in terms of the transparency of their content and complexity to usersSystem classification, to create multiple dimensions for categorizing complex systemsOpen complex systems, to discuss their characteristics and challengesLarge-scale systems, to discuss those complex systems that have a huge number of componentsHybrid intelligent systems, to show those systems that hybridize different techniques, methods, and toolsComputing and engineering complex systems, to summarize the main computing paradigms, system analysis and design, and the objectives of metasynthetic computing and engineering