Dihydroartemisinin and Curcumin Synergistically Induce Apoptosis in SKOV3 Cells Via Upregulation of miR-124 Targeting Midkine

Abstract

Background/Aim: Women with advanced ovarian carcinoma are less likely to receive platinum-based chemotherapy and surgery due to a greater risk of cytotoxicity and poorer outcomes. We attempted to improve a promising therapy against ovarian cancer by using a combination of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and curcumin (Cur). Methods: Human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells were treated with DHA, Cur alone, or a combination of both. The viability of SKOV3 cells was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and a colony formation assay. The cell cycle and apoptosis of SKOV3 cells were monitored by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expression levels of target genes were respectively examined by qRT-PCR and western blot. The biological effects of miR-124 on midkine (MK) were verified by a luciferase activity analysis. Results: Combined treatment of DHA and Cur synergistically decreased cell viability, arrested cell cycle, and promoted apoptosis in SKOV3 cells. Moreover, it significantly attenuated the expression of oncogene MK and synergistically upregulated the expression of miR-124. Furthermore, miR-124 was verified to bind directly to the 3′-untranslated region of MK mRNA, resulting in mRNA degradation and reduced MK protein levels. The combination of DHA with Cur significantly inhibited tumor growth in xenograft nude mice without obvious toxicity. Conclusion: Co-treatment with DHA and Cur exhibited a synergistic anti-tumor effect on SKOV3 cells both in vitro and in vivo.