Retrospectiva e tendência da alfacicultura Brasileira

Abstract

Lettuce is considered the main leafy vegetable crop in Brazil. In recent decades, many changes occurred towards the varietal types as well as in the preference for pelleted seeds. Until mid 90 decade, the dominant varieties of looseleaf lettuce were the type 'White Boston' and 'Regina'. Later, there was a change toward the Grand Rapids type which represents the main varietal segment grown in Brazil. The non-head Grand Rapids type with its earliness performed better adaptation for hot and high rainfall summer season. Brazilian preference for the Grand Rapids type is a unique event in the world market of lettuce. Crisp head lettuce had increased its preference, but there are many limitations to grow this type outdoors in our rainy hot summer. Thicker leaves of iceberg have a better flavor, crispness and long shelf live under refrigeration for its post-harvest management. Crispness is an important and mandatory quality for the fresh cut market which is a growing tendency. Considerations on breeding focus to get tropical-adapted varieties with crispness and resistance to specific Brazilian diseases which are limiting to lettuce are discussed.