Opportunistic screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia via a community laboratory

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Abstract

Background: Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is an inherited disorder characterized by increased serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations and premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The majority of people with FH are currently undiagnosed. We sought to determine the ability of a community laboratory to screen for individuals with potential FH. Methods: Serum LDL-cholesterol concentrations issued by a private community laboratory in Western Australia were reviewed over a one-year period (1 May 2010 to 31 April 2011). We assessed the prevalence of possible FH based on LDL-cholesterol thresholds employed by the MakeEarly Diagnosis-Prevent Early Death (MED-PED), the Simon Broome Registry and the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria. Results: During this period, 84,823 people had 99,467 serum LDL-cholesterol measurements, with 91.8% requested by general practitioners. A secondary cause of hypercholesterolaemia was identified in 8.3% of subjects with an LDL-cholesterol ≥5.0 mmol/L. The prevalence of FH based on an LDL-cholesterol ≥6.5 mmol/L, the 99.75th percentile, was 1:398 in this sample population; similarly, the MED-PED LDL-cholesterol criteria gave a prevalence of 1:482. Conclusions: The community laboratory is well placed to screen opportunistically for subjects with potential FH. This may be achieved using either the MED-PED criteria or a serum LDL-cholesterol cut-off point of ≥6.5 mmol/L, irrespective of age. Further investigation is required to determine the most effective method of identifying these individuals and, thereby, ensuring referral to a specialist lipid clinic.

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Bell, D. A., Hooper, A. J., Bender, R., McMahon, J., Edwards, G., van Bockxmeer, F. M., … Burnett, J. R. (2012). Opportunistic screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia via a community laboratory. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, 49(6), 534–537. https://doi.org/10.1258/acb.2012.012002

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