Echinoderms from Argentina: Biodiversity, distribution and current state of knowledge

Abstract

This chapter reviews the research on echinoderms that occur in the waters of Argentina. One hundred and thirty-four echinoderm species have been recorded. Two species of Crinoidea, 58 Asteroidea, 32 Ophiuroidea, 16 Echinoidea, and 26 species of Holothuroidea. The variety of marine environments and the main oceanographic processes in the region are described. Comprehensive information regarding historical and recent echinoderm research is included. A review of the biological, ecological, and chemical research of species inhabiting the Argentine Sea is also presented. Until recently studies on echinoderms in Argentina were very limited. Further studies should be carried out to increase knowledge of the biology and ecology of the fauna. In addition, systematic and phylogenetic studies of Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea and Holothuroidea are needed. Echinoderm fisheries have been sporadic occurring only in the Beagle Channel, especially for the local market. Benthic disturbance resulting from bottom trawling fisheries at various localities seems to be a major threat to echinoderms in the Argentine Sea.