Out-of-equilibrium quantum magnetism and thermalization in a spin-3 many-body dipolar lattice system

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Abstract

Understanding quantum thermalization through entanglement build up in isolated quantum systems addresses fundamental questions on how unitary dynamics connects to statistical physics. Spin systems made of long-range interacting atoms offer an ideal experimental platform to investigate this question. Here, we study the spin dynamics and approach towards local thermal equilibrium of a macroscopic ensemble of S = 3 chromium atoms pinned in a three dimensional optical lattice and prepared in a pure coherent spin state, under the effect of magnetic dipole–dipole interactions. Our isolated system thermalizes under its own dynamics, reaching a steady state consistent with a thermal ensemble with a temperature dictated from the system’s energy. The build up of quantum correlations during the dynamics is supported by comparison with an improved numerical quantum phase-space method. Our observations are consistent with a scenario of quantum thermalization linked to the growth of entanglement entropy.

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Lepoutre, S., Schachenmayer, J., Gabardos, L., Zhu, B., Naylor, B., Maréchal, E., … Laburthe-Tolra, B. (2019). Out-of-equilibrium quantum magnetism and thermalization in a spin-3 many-body dipolar lattice system. Nature Communications, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09699-5

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