Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination of Lead and Cadmium Extracted from Ceramic Foodware: Collaborative Study

Abstract

A modification of the official flame atomic absorption spectrometric (FAAS) method for determining lead and cadmium extracted from ceramic foodware was collaboratively studied. In the modified method, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) is substituted for FAAS. The modified method also includes mandatory quality control procedures to improve method performance. The extraction procedure of the official method (leaching with 4% acetic acid for 24 h at room temperature) remains unchanged. Seven laboratories analyzed blind duplicate portions of 3 ceramicware leach solutions containing Pb at concentrations of 0.0196, 0.403, and 3.73 μg/mL and Cd at concentrations of 0.00236, 0.0456, and 0.544 μg/mL. Performance of the modified method compared well with that of the official method. The repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) from 0.87 to 6.7% for Pb and from 3.7 to 11 % for Cd. The reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) ranged from 4.5 to 12% for Pb and from 7.0 to 11 % for Cd. Accuracy of collaborator results was 97-98% for Pb and 93-101 % for Cd. Quality control results and quantitation limits were excellent. Method quantitation limits varied among laboratories from 0.005 to 0.019 μg/mL for Pb and from 0.0004 to 0.0019 μg/mL for Cd. The modified method was adopted First Action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.