Biodiesel characteristics of tuna fish bio-oil waste in the transesterification process with variation of reaction time and stirring speed

Abstract

Waste from fishery production from canned fish production in Indonesia is very abundant, this waste can be used as raw material for making biodiesel. In this research, the production of biodiesel from tuna oil waste is carried out through the transesterification process. The purpose of this study was to determine levels of Free Fatty Acid, the effect of reaction time and stirring speed on the transesterification process on the characteristics of biodiesel. Fixed variables used consisted of methanol plus bio-oil in a ratio (6: 1), methanol at a concentration of 98%, reaction temperature of 60 °C, KOH catalyst weighing 3.5 grams, while the independent variable consisted of the time of transesterification reaction and stirring speed. The variation of transesterification reaction time used is 1, 2, and 3 hours while the variation of the speed of stirring the transesterification reaction is 160, 245, and 360 rpm. The optimal conditions obtained were 2 hours reaction time and 360 rpm stirring speed with biodiesel characteristics, namely a density of 849 kg / m ^ 3, viscosity of 3.53 cSt, water content of 0.6%, calorific value of 9,390 cal / gr, flash point 84 ° C, and acid number 3.6343 mg KOH / gr.