Neural stem cells

Abstract

Cells can be defined as "stem cells" when able to self-renew and differentiate into tissue-characteristic cells. Neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from the nervous system are able to generate neuronal and glial cells and are present not only in the developing nervous system, but also in specific regions of the adult brain. While embryonic NSCs play an essential role in the development and maturation of the nervous system, adult NSCs may have a role in the normal functions of the brain, including learning, memory, and emotional responses. Growing evidence points to developmental exposure to chemicals as a possible cause of nervous system disorders. The developing nervous system is particularly vulnerable to toxic agents, which may cause long-lasting effects that may be manifested later in life. The majority of the chemicals in commerce have not been tested for developmental neurotoxicity and the limited information currently available points to the need for more experimental research specially designed to address this issue. We have implemented the use of NSCs as experimental models for developmental neurotoxicity studies. Here, we provide a short overview of some data obtained with NSCs and a detailed description of the cell culture protocols. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.