Pregnancy- and delivery-associated colorectal and proctological disorders

Abstract

Normal colorectal physiological function changes during pregnancy. These modifications are generally minor, not serious, and well tolerated by pregnant women. Constipation is the most common problem experienced by pregnant women. Whilst constipation rarely disturbs the course of pregnancy, serious acute colorectal emergencies can sometimes be encountered and should be quickly diagnosed by the colorectal surgeon. Appendicitis is the most common colorectal complication seen during pregnancy: to make the diagnosis, it is important to have a high index of suspicion. Specific colorectal inflammatory diseases are generally thought to remain stable during pregnancy, but some larger studies are less optimistic. Distal venous hypertension in the anorectal venous system due to the enlarged uterus is seen frequently and may magnify local complications. Hemorrhoids, for example may present with acute thrombotic complications or an anal fissure. © 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.