Microstructural analysis of biowaste-derived hydroxyapatite-chitosan nanocomposites

Abstract

In recent years, considerable attention is given in various nanomaterials development using biodegradable wastes for establishing more eco-friendly technologies. Due to the biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic nature hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan (CS) are highly studied in recent times. In this research work, HAp and CS were synthesized in a nanometric range using the bio-wastes obtained from chicken bones and pila shells, respectively. In addition, HAp/CS nanocomposites were also prepared through the co-precipitation method in various weight ratios. The synthesized nanomaterials and nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The XRD pattern analysis revealed the hexagonal crystalline structure of HAp and orthorhombic crystallite structure of CS with crystallite sizes of 40.52 and 39.51 nm, respectively. The physical parameters such as d-spacing, dislocation density, stacking fault probability, and lattice strain of HAp and CS were also analyzed. The FTIR spectra analysis confirmed the formation of HAp and CS. Likewise, the broadening and weakening of the chemical bond between two phases of HAp and CS indicated the bond formation and compatibility between HAp and CS.