Isolasi Minyak Atsiri Daun Sirih Merah (Piper cf. fragile. Benth)

  • Utami M
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Abstract

Piper cf. fragile (sirih merah) is one of herb plants that contained essential oils and had been used as medicinal substances traditionally in Indonesia. The purposes of this research were to isolate, fractionate and to find constituents sirih merah essential oil. The research was done in 2011 at Bogor Agricultural Institute and was done in four step, there were material collection, essential oil isolation by hydrodistillation, fractionation by column chromatography and GC-MS analysis. The result show that essential oil isolation was obtained 0,24% (v/b).The oil was fractionated by column chromatography (heksana-kloroform-metanol as mobile phase) and produced 4 fractions.The main constituents of crude essential oil by GC-MS analysis were alpha tuhyena, sabinena, beta mircena, alpha terpinena beta felandrena, gamma terpinena, alpha terpirolena, linalool, 4-terpineol, trans cariofilena, germakrena D, alpha copaena. The main constituen of fraction 1 are sabinena (38,67%) and beta mircena (22,94%). The main constituents of fraction 2 arelinalool (20,36%) and 4-terpineol (31,67%). From the results can be concluded thatmain constituents of essential oilPiper cf. fragile (sirih merah) were monoterpene (such as sabinene, mircene,Alpha tuhjene, Alpha terpinene, Gamma terpinene) and sesquiterpene (such as trans caryophyllene and germacrene D) Key word: isolation, fractionation,hydrodistillation,Piper cf. fragile, essential oil. ABSTRAK Piper cf. fragile (sirih merah) adalah salah satu tanaman herbal yang mengandung minyak atsiri dan telah digunakan sebagai bahan obat secara tradisional di Indonesia.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengisolasi, memfraksionasi dan mengidentifikasi komponen-komponen yang terkandung dalam minyak atsiri sirih merah. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2011 di Institut Pertanian bogor. Penelitian ini dilakukan empat tahap, yaitu pengumpulan bahan, isolasi minyak atsiri daun sirih merah dengan destilasi air, fraksinasi minyak atsiri dengan kromatografi kolom dan analisis komponen dengan GC-MS.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa isolasi minyak atsiri yang diperoleh sebanyak 0,24 % (v/b). Minyak atsiridifraksinasi dengan kromatografi kolom (heksana-kloroform-metanol sebagai fasa gerak)menghasilkan 4 fraksi. Hasil analisis GC-MS dari ekstrak teridentifikasi mengandung komponen utama : Alpha tuhyena, sabinena, beta mirsen, alpha terpinena beta felandrena, gamma terpinena, alpha terpirolena, linalool, 4-terpineol, trans kariofilena, germakrena D, alpha kopaena. Komponen utama fraksi 1 adalah sabinena (38,27%) dan beta mircena (22,94%) , pada fraksi 2 mengandung komponen utama linalool (20,36%)dan 4-terpineol (31,67%). Dari hasilnyadapat disimpulkan bahwa minyak atsiri sirih merah mengandungkomponen utama monoterpene (seperti sabinen, mircen,Alpha tuhyen, Alpha terpinen, Gamma terpinen) dan sesquiterpen (seperti trans cariofillen and germacrenD) Kata kunci: isolasi, fraksinasi, destilasi air, Piper cf. fragile, minyak atsiri.

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Utami, M. R. (2017). Isolasi Minyak Atsiri Daun Sirih Merah (Piper cf. fragile. Benth). Jurnal Agrotek Indonesia, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.33661/jai.v2i1.719

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