Decoupled Solar Energy Storage and Dark Photocatalysis in a 3D Metal–Organic Framework

Abstract

Materials enabling solar energy conversion and long-term storage for readily available electrical and chemical energy are key for off-grid energy distribution. Herein, the specific confinement of a rhenium coordination complex in a metal–organic framework (MOF) unlocks a unique electron accumulating property under visible-light irradiation. About 15 C gMOF−1 of electric charges can be concentrated and stored for over four weeks without loss. Decoupled, on-demand discharge for electrochemical reactions and H2 evolution catalysis is shown and light-driven recharging can be conducted for >10 cycles with ≈90% of the initial charging capacity retained. Experimental investigations and theoretical calculations link electron trapping to MOF-induced geometry constraints as well as the coordination environment of the Re-center, highlighting the key role of MOF confinement on molecular guests. This study serves as the seminal report on 3D porous colloids achieving photoaccumulation of long-lived electrons, unlocking dark photocatalysis, and a path toward solar capacitor and solar battery systems.