The poisoned patient

Abstract

Acute exposure to toxic or poisonous substances can be intentional or accidental. The onset of the toxic effect depends on the degree of absorption of the toxicant. The management of acute exposure to toxicants is generally supportive. Knowledge of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the offending agent is important. The use of pharmacological agents in treating poisoning is to manipulate the pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic profiles of the toxicant. These pharmacological agents will minimize the absorption and/or enhance the elimination of the toxicant from the body. Specific antidotes are used to alter the effects of certain known toxicants through neutralization and pharmacological antagonism. Having the ability to identify the effect of specific classes of substances on the body (toxidromes) will facilitate the selection of an appropriate management strategy to optimize the outcome.