Comparison Between the Effect of Oral Administration of Alum and Aqueous Extract of Moringa oleifera Seeds on Physiological Liver Parameters of Male Albino Rats

Abstract

This study aims to assess the efficiency of Moringa oleifera aqueous seed extract as a natural coagulant in comparison with aluminum sulphate (alum) as a chemical coagulant and its effects on the liver of male albino rats. The animals were divided into 9 groups that were provided with 10% stock alum solution and 3 concentrations (2%, 5% and 10%) of aqueous Moringa oleifera seed extract as drinking water ad libitum for 2 periods 1 month and 2 months. Activities of various enzymes related to the liver including ALT, AST, ALP and LDH as well as albumin levels and total bilirubin concentration were investigated. Changes in liver oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system (LPO activity, liver GSH content, SOD, peroxidase (GPx) and transferase (GST) activities) were examined. Effect on mRNA gene expressions of P53, Bcl-2, TNF-α and IL-4 were tested. 'The most potent effect is 10% Moringa oleifera that causes a highly significant change in the second month in most parameters. The previous results indicated that aluminum (Al) is not a transition metal and cannot start per-oxidation. In conclusion, we found that long-term exposure of aqueous Moringa oleifera seed extract (MOSE) at 10% stock induces the accumulation of destructive phytocompounds. M. oleifera proved to be an effective water coagulating and antimicrobial agent for water purification, but the long-term treatment can produce harmful phytocompounds and induce stress on the cell.