Frailty is inversely related to age at menopause and elevated in women who have had a hysterectomy: An analysis of the Canadian longitudinal study on aging

Abstract

Background: Frailty is a complex pathophysiological phenomenon that will impact a significant proportion of adults over the age of 65 and contributes to the risk of several adverse health outcomes. Although women have a disproportionately higher risk of frailty, the sex-specific factors related to this syndrome are not well described. Hence, we sought to examine the relationship of age at menopause, hysterectomy status, and hormone replacement therapy use with prevalent frailty in older women. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) Baseline Comprehensive Cohort (n = 30,097, 45-85 years old). Frailty was operationalized using both the deficit accumulation (frailty index) and frailty phenotype (Fried) models. Postmenopausal women were categorized as follows: premature (30-39 years), early (40-45 years), normal (46-54 years), and late (55+ years) menopause, or hysterectomy. Associations were determined using multivariate analysis, adjusting for sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, social support, and hormone replacement therapy use. Results: Age at menopause was inversely related to frailty in older Canadian women. The frailty index decreased 1.2% of the mean (p