Polycystic ovarian syndrome

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disease frequently seen in women, with clinical symptoms such as androgen elevation, ovulation disorders, menstrual irregularity, insulin resistance, and hirsutism, the etiology of which has not been fully elucidated. The patients' main complaints at the polyclinic are menstrual irregularities, infertility, hirsutism, and acne. Patients diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome, dyslipidemia, diabetes, some tumors, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, and mood disorders may also be seen. Although more than one criterion has been developed for diagnosis, the Rotterdam criteria published in 2004 are the most frequently used criteria for diagnosis. After excluding differential diagnoses, the presence of two out of three criteria for hyperandrogenism, menstrual irregularity, and polycystic ovary appearance in ultrasonography is diagnostic. Thyroid dysfunction, hyperprolactinemia, non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypothalamic amenorrhea, primary ovarian failure, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, Cushing's, and androgen-secreting tumors should be excluded in the differential diagnosis. Treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome should be primarily lifestyle changes, including diet and exercise, then treatment is arranged according to the clinical situation. The treatment should be arranged according to the patient's clinical condition and pregnancy expectation for menstrual disorders, infertility, hirsutism, androgenic alopecia, acne, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, etc. Appropriate medical and surgical treatment methods should be selected according to the guidelines.