Challenge of Moringa peregrina Forssk as an antimicrobial agent against multi-drug-resistant Salmonella sp.

Abstract

The emergence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria is considered as a global problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial inhibitory effects of the oily aqueous extract of Moringa peregrina Forssk against MDR clinical Salmonella enterica isolates. Four MDR S. enterica isolates were proved to have a gene mutation in amino acids codon 83 and 87 of gyrA and 67, 76 and 80 of parC gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing. The active components of M. pregrina extract were purified using GLC and TLC techniques and by using IR, NMR and mass spectra. The M. peregrina Forssk extract effect on bacterial cells was determined using scanning and transmission electron microscopies. Results demonstrated that M. peregrina Forssk have an excellent inhibitory effect against 34 MDR S. enterica isolates with different minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (109.37–437.5 mg/mL). The active component was identified as oleic acid-3 hydroxy propyl ester. The main abnormalities of Salmonella cells were observed–destruction in the cell wall that led to a reduction of protoplast besides, disruption of cytoplasmic membranes and, consequently, loss in their metabolic functions and death. This is the first report that deeply highlights the antimicrobial activity of M. peregrina Forssk against MDR clinical S. enterica isolates.