Agricultural residue-based power generation: A viable option in India

Abstract

India produces 435.995 million metric tonnes (MMT) of primary agroresidue of which 183.628 MMT is surplus on sustainable basis from field crops which can be used for power generation. The average higher heating value (HHV) of Indian agroresidue is 17.2771 MJ/kg and the total power generation potential from these surplus residues is estimated at 23,237.8296 MW. A versatile linear regression model suitable for Indian agroresidue to readily estimate HHV based on elemental data and ash is developed. The pollutant greenhouse gases (GHGs) due to open-field burning of excess agroresidue, which can be avoided once these are put to power generation are estimated. The inherent characteristics of agroresidue, viz., uniform molar ratios, high HHV, lower nitrogen and sulphur, and low ash combined with technical feasibility enable energy conversion through thermochemical methods, viz., combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis. The capital and generation costs of agroresidue power generation through these methods are also optimal. Agroresidues are additional source of income to the farmer once they attain commercial value and the activity is expected to create employment opportunities and aid in rural development.