Efficacy and safety of a video-EEG protocol for genetic generalized epilepsies

Abstract

Introduction Video-EEG has been used to characterize genetic generalized epilepsies (GGE). For best performance, sleep recording, photic stimulation, hyperventilation, and neuropsychological protocols are added to the monitoring. However, risks and benefits of these video-EEG protocols are not well established. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy and safety of a video-EEG neuropsychological protocol (VNPP) tailored for GGE and compare its value with that of routine EEG (R-EEG). Methods We reviewed the VNPP and R-EEG of patients with GGE. We considered confirmation of the clinical suspicion of a GGE syndrome and characterization of reflex traits as benefits; and falls, injuries, psychiatric and behavioral changes, generalized tonic–clonic (GTC) seizures, and status epilepticus (SE) as the main risks of the VNPP. Results The VNPPs of 113 patients were analyzed. The most common epileptic syndrome was juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (85.8%). The protocol confirmed a GGE syndrome in 97 patients and 62 had seizures. Sleep recording had a provocative effect in 51.2% of patients. The second task that showed highest efficacy was praxis (39.3%) followed by hyperventilation (31.3%). Among the risks, 1.8% had GTC seizures and another 1.8%, SE. Eighteen percent of patients had persistently normal R-EEG, 72.2% of them had discharges during VNPP. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures, myoclonic status epilepticus, and repeated seizures were the main risks of VNPP present in 6 (5.31%) patients while there were no complications during R-EEG. Conclusions The VNPP in GGE is a useful tool in diagnosis and characterization of reflex traits, and is a safe procedure. Its use might preclude multiple R-EEG exams.