Catalytic cracking using catalysts based on hetero polyacids

Abstract

The paper discusses the issues of catalytic cracking processes and presents the experimental results of the authors with the use of the catalysts based on the natural Shankanai zeolite (Kazakhstan) and heteropoly acids (HPA). SEM analysis of the synthesized catalyst structure indicates the presence of its main elements prevailing on the surface of the zeolite. Also, the intense spectra of the components of the HPA (tungsten and phosphorus) are revealed. Possibly, it is because of the high degrees of dispersion and distribution of PW12-HPA particles over the clinoptilolite surface. In this research an analysis of the final reaction product was carried out by NMR spectroscopy. NMR analysis allowed us to calculate the fraction of each component of the mixture. It was shown that the proton spectrum of the sample contains signals of paraffin compounds, which are the main components of the mixture. Aromatic components are absent. Chemical shifts of up to 1 ppm are characteristic mainly of protons of the methyl groups of saturated hydrocarbons and long alkyl substituents in aromatic systems. In this part of the spectrum, it is also assumed that some CH and CH2 groups of naphthenic fragments are resonated.