PROFILING OF CLINICAL DYNAMICS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN PATIENTS: A PERSPECTIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), also known as Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) is one of the common metabolic disorders in the world. T2DM accounts for around 90% of all cases of diabetes mellitus, afflicting millions worldwide. It is a significant global health burden with a steadily increasing prevalence.  In T2DM, the response to insulin is diminished, and this is defined as insulin resistance. Risk factors for T2DM are diverse. Some are modifiable, and others are not. Modifiable risk factors include overweight/obesity, lack of exercise or physical inactivity, poor nutrition, etc. Non-modifiable risk factors include age, ethnicity/race, family history, history of gestational diabetes mellitus, etc. The starting points and mainstays of treatment for T2DM are diet and lifestyle modifications such as increased physical activity and stoppage of smoking. In addition to the diet and lifestyle modifications, drugs are also used in the management of T2DM. This study aimed to profile the clinical dynamics of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients. Current literatures from different databases including MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, etc. on the topic were searched online and reviewed.