Epidemiología de las cardiopatías congénitas en Bogotá, Colombia en el período comprendido entre 2001 y 2014: ¿Mejoría en la vigilancia o aumento en la prevalencia?

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital heart diseases correspond to functional and structural alterations of the heart, circulatory system and large vessels, which develop during cardiac embryogenesis. These defects are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Objective: To determine the prevalence of congenital heart diseases in Bogotá, Colombia, through the period 2001-2014 and evaluate the trend in time. Materials and methods: We analyzed 405,408 births from the Programa de Vigilancia y Seguimiento de Niños con Anomalías Congénitas de la Secretaría Distrital de Salud de Bogotá calculating the prevalence of congenital heart diseases through a daily registry of births, a clinical evaluation and work-up. Congenital heart diseases were classified as isolated, complex or associated and the prevalence per year was calculated. Mortality in the first hours of life was evaluated. Results: Total congenital heart diseases prevalence was 15.1 per 10,000 newborns; however, in the last 3 years values above 20 per 10,000 newborns were obtained. From the population, 46% were females, 53.16% were males and 0.33% undetermined. 397 children with congenital heart diseases were isolated, 142 were associated type and 74 were complex type from the newborns with congenital anomalies. Conclusion: Congenital heart diseases have a significant impact in childhood morbi-mortality. Although the prevalence continues to be low compared to other countries, this could be due to under registry nationwide. There has been an increase in prevalence during the last three years, which could be due to the implementation of local and national programs. Therefore, we encourage continuing the development and promotion of such, which increases screening and registration of these anomalies.