Distributions of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in sympathetic neurons of female rats: Enriched expression by uterine innervation

Abstract

Estrogen modulates many features of the sympathetic nervous system, including cell numbers and ganglion synapses, and can induce uterine sympathetic nerve degeneration. However, distributions of estrogen receptors α and β within sympathetic neurons have not been described, and their regulation by target tissue or estrogen levels has not been explored. We used immunofluorescence and retrograde tracing to define estrogen receptor expression in sympathetic neurons at large in pre- and paravertebral ganglia and in those projecting to the uterine horns. Estrogen receptor a immunoreactivity was present in 29 ± 1%, while estrogen receptor β was expressed by 92 ± 1% of sympathetic neurons at large. The proportions of neurons expressing these receptors were comparable in the superior cervical and thoraco-lumbar paravertebral ganglia from T11 through L5, and in the suprarenal, celiac, and superior mesenteric prevertebral ganglia. Injections of FluoroGold into the uterine horns resulted in labeled neurons, with peak occurrences in T13, L1, and the suprarenal ganglion. Uterine-projecting neurons showed small but significantly greater incidence of estrogen receptor β expression relative to the neuronal population at large, whereas the proportion of uterineprojecting neurons with estrogen receptor α-immunoreactivity was nearly threefold greater. Numbers of estrogen receptor-expressing neurons were not altered by acute estrogen administration. We conclude that the vast majority of sympathetic neurons express estrogen receptor β immunoreactive protein, whereas a smaller, presumably overlapping subset expresses the estrogen receptor α. Expression of the latter apparently can be enhanced by target-mediated mechanisms. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.