Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)

Abstract

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) refer to technologies that automate, facilitate, and improve systems in the vehicles in order to assist drivers for better and safer driving. There are several ADAS technologies such as adaptive cruise control (ACC), lane departure warning systems, forward collision warning systems, traffic signal recognition system (TSR), tire pressure monitoring system (TMPS), night vision, pedestrian detection, parking assistance systems, automatic emergency brake systems, driver behavior monitoring, blind spot detection, electronic stability control (ESC), alcohol interlock systems, etc. Some of the ADAS technologies are intended for safety improvement, and some others are for convenience function. This chapter explains each of the different ADAS technology in detail with their deployment details. The development and deployment of these technologies relies mainly on the embedded systems and advanced signal processing technologies such as multiple signal classification (MUSIC) and light detection and ranging (LiDAR). The main focus of the ADAS technologies is to contribute to the factors such as safety management and stress-free automated driving for a driver. In order to enable these ADAS technologies, a suite of sensors is essential. There are different types of sensors being used similarly, i.e., vision sensors, LiDAR sensors, RADAR sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and other technologies such as photonic mixer device (PMD) and global positioning sensor (GPS). The vision-based sensors take the decisions based on the images acquired. The images acquired are pre-processed for the image processing and segmented to find various features in the image. The segmented images are used for identification and classification based on various machine learning algorithms and neural networks. Another concept to be discussed is regarding the NEXT-GEN ADAS, where the sensor suite together is used with advanced communication technologies such as vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. In other words, ADAS is a pathway and major contribution towards autonomous driving. There are several challenges that need to be addressed associated with ADAS technologies related to changing environmental conditions, resource-constrained systems, and security and geospatial constraints. This chapter will be covering the description regarding the above topics with detailed diagrams and descriptions.