The multistage model is currently a widely used mathematical tool in carcinogen risk assessment to obtain a low-dose linear non-threshold slope for estimating cancer risks and comparing carcinogens with respect to potency. However, the multistage model is a single pathway model, whereas biological evidence indicates that carcinogenesis proceeds through multiple pathways. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that carcinogens induce a generalized increase in the susceptibility to neoplastic transformation triggered as rare events by cell proliferation. Such evidence supports the dtn = c time to tumor model in a modified form.
CITATION STYLE
Albert, R. E. (1986). The time to tumor approach in risk assessment. Basic Life Sciences, 38, 551–556. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9462-8_58
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