PERANAN FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP POPULASI Helopeltis spp. dan Sanurus indecora PADA JAMBU METE

  • KARMAWATI E
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Abstract

ABSTRAK Untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor lingkungan terhadap tingkat serangan serangga hama utama pada pertanaman jambu mete telah dilakukan penelitian di Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Pengamatan pada tanaman contoh telah dilaksanakan selama musim kemarau dan musim hujan dari bulan Juni 2004 sampai dengan Maret 2005 di dua tempat yang berbeda keadaannya yaitu Desa Tanah Sebang dan Sambik Jengkel. Keduanya terletak di Kecamatan Kayangan, Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Dari masing-masing lokasi diamati 40 tanaman contoh secara acak, 20 dari pertanaman monokultur dan 20 dari pola tanam campuran jambu mete dengan tanaman lainnya. Variabel yang diamati adalah (a) populasi Helopeltis spp. per tanaman, (b) populasi Sanurus indecora per tanaman, (c) banyaknya pucuk terserang Helopeltis spp., (d) banyaknya pucuk terserang S. indecora, (e) banyaknya koloni semut per pohon, (f) persentase telur yang terparasit, (g) suhu, kelembaban dan curah hujan harian, (h) jenis tanaman sela yang menjadi tanaman inang alternatif hama, (i) banyaknya musuh/gulma di sekeliling tanaman, (j) jumlah bunga hermaprodit dan buah jadi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intensitas serangan dan populasi Helopeltis spp. dan S. indecora jambu mete berbeda antara musim kemarau dan musim hujan. Pada musim kemarau, hanya sisa-sisa serangan Helopeltis spp. pada pucuk yang kelihatan, populasi tidak ditemukan. Populasi S. indecora selalu ada selama musim kemarau. Pada musim hujan yaitu bulan Januari sampai Maret, pucuk mulai muncul, populasi dan serangan Helopeltis spp. mulai kelihatan. Tingkat serangan kedua hama tersebut berbeda antara lokasi Tanah Sebang dan Sambik Jengkel. Di Tanah Sebang, persentase pucuk yang diserang S. indecora (23,1%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pucuk yang diserang Helopeltis (3,8-7,4%), sedang di Sambik Jengkel persentase pucuk yang diserang Helopeltis spp (43,8-54,6%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan S. indecora (11,5-22,3%). Faktor utama yang memegang peranan adalah tanaman inang alternatif yang berada pada pola tanam campuran, iklim mikro (suhu, kelembaban dan radiasi matahari) serta interaksi antara S. indecora, Helopeltis spp. dan semut predator. Kata kunci : Jambu mete, Anacardium occidentale, faktor lingkungan, Helopeltis spp., Sanurus indecora, populasi, Nusa Tenggara Barat ABSTRACT Role of environment factors on the population of Helopeltis Spp. and Sanurus indecora on cashew plantation An experiment to find out the effect of environment factors on the attack of insect pests on cashew plantation was carried out in West Lombok District, West Nusa Tenggara Province. The experiment was conducted in hot and rainy seasons from June 2004 to March 2005 in two locations : Tanah Sebang and Sambik Jengkel. These were located in the same district (Kecamatan Kayangan, West Lombok District). In 40 sample plants were observed : 20 from monoculture and 20 from polyculture (mixed cropping). The variables observed were (a) Helopeltis population per plant (b) S. indecora population per plant, (c) number of shoots attacked by Helopeltis, (d) number of shoots attacked by. S. indecora, (e) number of ant colonies per plant, (f) percentage of eggs parasitoid, (g) temperature, relative humidity, daily raindrops, (h) type of intercrops as alternative hosts, (i) litters or weeds surrounding the plantation, (j) number of hermaphrodite flowers and fruits. The research result showed that the population and damage intensity were different between hot and rainy seasons. In dry season, only the symptom of Helopeltis damage was seen. The population S. indecora always existed during the dry season. In the rainy season from January to March, shoots started to appear, also the population of Helopeltis. The injury level was different between those two insects. At Tanah Sebang the shoots attacked by S. indecora was 23.1% higher than that of Helopeltis (3.8-7.4%), while in Sambik Jengkel, the shoots attacked by Helopeltis was (43.8-54.6%) higher than that of S. indecora (11.5-22.3%). The main factors played roles in the environment were alternate hosts, micro climate and interaction between S. indecora, Helopeltis spp. and predator ants. Key words: Cashew, Anacardium occidentale, environment factors Helopeltis spp., Sanurus indecora, population, West Nusa Tenggara

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APA

KARMAWATI, E. (2020). PERANAN FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP POPULASI Helopeltis spp. dan Sanurus indecora PADA JAMBU METE. Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri, 12(4), 129. https://doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v12n4.2006.129-134

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