An Investigation into the Numerical Modelling of Timber at Elevated Temperatures

Abstract

In Canada, the use of mass timber as a structural material has become more commonplace. A useful tool in the design of structures is structural analysis/finite element modelling programs. These tools are structured around assumptions based on extensive research on the behaviour of structural materials. However, at this time timber is not well understood as a structural material at elevated temperatures. A literature review and research gaps analysis was conducted herein to examine the current underlying theory and capabilities of modelling timber's response to fire. This review illustrates that literature is uncertain and has contradicted itself when discussing the effects of elevated temperatures on both the thermal and mechanical properties of timber. Further, some of the least understood properties in this knowledge gap are density, thermal conductivity, and the tensile properties of timber. Without having a thorough understanding of the material, no numerical model designed can be deemed accurate for general use at this stage without further experimental study. This paper will begin with an overview of past published research on the topics of timber properties at elevated temperatures and the implementation of numerical modelling for fire safety engineering. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the research gaps of timber properties as well as the impact these gaps have on the development of numerical models. The paper concludes with proposed methods to determine the effect of elevated temperatures on the properties of timber and their influence on developing a numerical model.