Complementary feeding practices among mothers and nutritional status of infants in Akpabuyo Area, Cross River State Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Malnutrition in infants during weaning has been attributed to inappropriate complementary feeding practices and it underlies more than one-third of child mortality in Nigeria. Thus, addressing the influence of complementary feeding practice on nutritional status may be an important approach to reducing the burden of child malnutrition. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between complementary feeding practices among mothers and nutritional status of their infants in Akpabuyo Local Government Area, Nigeria. The study enrolled 330 mother–child pairs from 10 randomly selected out of 32 Health Facilities in Akpabuyo. Socio-demographic information, child and maternal characteristics were obtained using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Complementary feeding practices were assessed with World Health Organization infant and young child feeding indicators. Nutritional indicators wasting, underweight and stunting were determined. Results: Prevalence of timely introduction of complementary feeding among infants aged 6–8 months was 85.4%, minimum dietary diversity rate was 31.5%, and minimum meal frequency 36.7%, the rate of minimum acceptable diet was 7.3%. One-third (33.3%) of the infants were underweight, 26.4%, wasted and 24.6%, stunted. Children who did not receive timely complementary foods had higher odds for wasting (OR 5.15; 95% CI 1.50–17.73). Children who did not receive the minimum dietary diversity had higher odds for underweight than children who received the minimum dietary diversity (OR 2.07; 95% CI 1.17–3.70). Children who did not receive the minimum feeding frequency were more likely to be stunted than their peers who received the minimum feeding frequency (OR 1.57; 95% CI 1.53–4.03). Conclusion: Sub-optimal complementary feeding predisposed to infant’s malnutrition.