Meningitis, empyema, and brain abscess in adults

Abstract

Central nervous system infections remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Meningitis is the most common manifestation. Pathogens vary based on the location of the infection, geography, vaccination status, age, surgical intervention, and immune status. They are conside red medical emergencies requiring immediate diagnosis and therapy, and crucial steps are needed to achieve a good clinical outcome. Lumbar puncture is the first step in their evaluation, and imaging of the brain is often indicated in patients with neurologic deficits, altered immunity, or decreased level of consciousness.