Mandibular gland secretions of the male beewolves Philanthus crabroniformis, P. barbatus, and P. pulcher (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)

Abstract

The composition of the territorial marking pheromones from mandibular glands of males of the beewolves Philanthus crabroniformis, P. barbatus, and P. pulcher have been determined. The structures of the components were elucidated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The major compound of P. crabroniformis is isopropyl tetradecanoate, with somewhat lesser amounts of 2-tridecanone, 3-methyl-3-butenyl tetradecanoate, and 92:8 (Z):(E)-11-eicosen-1-ol. The major compounds of P. barbatus are ethyl tetradecanoate and hexadecanal, which are present in approximately a 60:40 ratio. These two compounds comprise over 95% of the neutral lipids. Also present in lesser amounts are ethyl dodecanoate, tetradecanal, hexadecan-1-ol, a Δx-octadecen-1-ol, and octadecan-1-ol. The major compounds of P. pulcher are ethyl (Z)-7-hexadecenoate and geranylgeraniol acetate, which comprise nearly 90% of the neutral lipid fraction, with smaller amounts of tetradecanal, pentadecanal, and ethyl hexadecanoate; trace amounts of Δx hexadecenal, hexadecanal, and octadecanal are also present. © 1992 Plenum Publishing Corporation.