Systemic arterial blood pressure determines the therapeutic window of non-selective beta blockers in decompensated cirrhosis

Abstract

Background: The safety of non-selective β-blockers in patients with advanced cirrhosis has been questioned in recent years. It was hypothesised that there is a particular therapeutic window. However, the specific limits still need to be determined. Aim: To evaluate potential limits of the therapeutic window of non-selective β-blocker therapy in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Methods: The impact of non-selective β-blockers on 28-day transplant-free survival was analysed in a cohort of 624 consecutive patients with decompensated cirrhosis and ascites. Three potential limits were investigated: spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, acute-on-chronic liver failure, mean arterial blood pressure ≤ 82 and < 65 mm Hg. Results: Treatment with non-selective β-blockers was associated with a higher 28-day transplant-free survival in the overall cohort (hazard ratio: 0.621; P =.035) as well as in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (hazard ratio: 0.578; P =.031) and those with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (hazard ratio: 0.594; P =.073). In contrast, survival benefits were markedly attenuated in patients with a mean arterial blood pressure ≤ 82 mm Hg and completely lost in those with mean arterial blood pressure < 65 mm Hg (P =.536). In spontaneous bacterial peritonitis patients with a mean arterial blood pressure < 65 mm Hg non-selective β-blocker treatment was associated with renal impairment. Of note, among those with a mean arterial blood pressure ≥ 65 mm Hg non-selective β-blocker intake was consistently associated with superior transplant-free survival (hazard ratio: 0.582; P =.029) irrespective of the presence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (hazard ratio: 0.435; P =.028) or acute-on-chronic liver failure (hazard ratio: 0.480 P =.034). Conclusions: Ascites, acute-on-chronic liver failure and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis do not limit the safe use of non-selective β-blockers in patients with cirrhosis. Mean arterial blood pressure might represent a better indicator to determine the therapeutic window of non-selective β-blocker treatment.