Localized gingival erythroleukoplakia in a 57-year-old Fanconi anemia patient: A case report

Abstract

Fanconi anemia is an extremely rare genetic disorder that has several modes of presentations, and it can lead to multiple hematological malignancies and malignant solid tumors, especially squamous cell carcinoma. Erythroleukoplakia is a rare oral mucosal disorder, associated with a high risk of malignant transformation. We report a rare case of localized gingival erythroleukoplakia in a 57-year-old female patient with Fanconi anemia that was eventually revealed to be gingival in situ squamous cell carcinoma. Early surgical excision was performed but two local recurrences occurred. Early treatment of the recurrences allowed for adequate management of the oral malignancy. The present case aims to underline the need for thorough clinical examination and regular follow-up sessions in the early detection of premalignant and malignant conditions, especially in patients with diseases predisposing to oral cancer.