Delivery parameters, neonatal parameters and incidence of urinary incontinence six months postpartum: a cohort study

Abstract

Introduction: Contradictory results have been reported regarding most delivery parameters as risk factors for urinary incontinence. We investigated the association between the incidence of urinary incontinence six months postpartum and single obstetric risk factors as well as combinations of risk factors. Material and methods: This study was based on the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health during 1998–2008. This substudy was based on 7561 primiparous women who were continent before and during pregnancy. Data were obtained from questionnaires answered at weeks 15 and 30 of pregnancy and six months postpartum. Data were linked to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Single and combined delivery- and neonatal parameters were analyzed by logistic regression analyses. Results: Birthweight was associated with significantly higher risk of urinary incontinence six months postpartum [3541–4180 g: odds ratio (OR) 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–1.6; >4180 g: OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.0]. Fetal presentation, obstetric anal sphincter injuries, episiotomy and epidural analgesia were not significantly associated with increased risk of urinary incontinence. The following combinations of risk factors among women delivering by spontaneous vaginal delivery increased the risk of urinary incontinence six months postpartum; birthweight ≥3540 g and ≥36 cm head circumference; birthweight ≥3540 g and forceps, birthweight ≥3540 g and episiotomy; and ≥36 cm head circumference and episiotomy. Conclusion: Some combinations of delivery parameters and neonatal parameters seem to act together and may increase the risk of incidence of urinary incontinence six months postpartum in a synergetic way.