Strategy, Implementation and Means

Abstract

Strategy risks being, literally, academic unless it is related to means. An overambitious strategic agenda that pays little heed to whether or not it can be implemented will lead to further frustration. Three components are essential for the implementation of any overarching strategy for the EU’s external actions—coherence, effectiveness and visibility. There are reasons for cautious optimism in the case of all three following the introduction of new positions and structures in the Lisbon Treaty. The introductions of the High Representative/Vice-President and the European External Action Service are worthy of particular note. Coherence, effectiveness and visibility are all important to the implementation of strategy, but a strategy that is overly cautious and framed around current constraints risks being uninspiring. One that takes little notice of means risks being unrealistic. It will be difficult to find a middle ground.