Transoral Stapling Technique for Zenker's Diverticulum

Abstract

Zenker's diverticulum (ZD) is a rare disorder that has a reported annual incidence of about 2 cases per 100,000. It is a pulsion (false) diverticulum that develops in an area of natural anatomic weakness called Killian's triangle. This is located between the inferior pharyngeal constrictor and the cricopharyngeus muscles. The exact etiology and pathophysiology of ZD is not known. Cricopharyngeal discoordination, spasm, or hypertension have all been implicated as underlying mechanisms leading to herniation of the hypopharyngeal mucosa and submucosa and consequently the formation of a ZD. Gastroesophageal reflux has also been implicated as a potential underlying mechanism in the development of ZD. Patients typically will present with symptoms of oropharyngeal dysphagia, food regurgitation, and in severe cases aspiration pneumonia. Cricopharyngeal myotomy is the mainstay of surgical treatment of symptomatic ZD. The traditional surgical approach to ZD includes an open cervical cricopharyngeal myotomy. However, starting with Collard's initial report of endoscopic stapling in 1993, the endoscopic approach to ZD treatment has been popularized. Since then, increasing reports have described utilizing a variety of endoscopic techniques for management of ZD. Herein we present our current preferred endoscopic approach to treatment of ZD.