Pengaruh Konsentrasi Pektin dan Karagenan terhadap Permen Jelly Nanas (Ananas comosus L. Merr)

Abstract

Abstrak.  Buah nanas dapat diolah menjadi berbagai produk. Salah satu produk olahan yang digemari ialah permen jelly . Berdasarkan SNI 3547-2-2008, permen jelly ialah permen bertekstur lunak yang diproses dengan penambahan komponen hidrokoloid seperti agar, gum, pektin, pati, karagenan, gelatin dan lain-lain yang digunakan untuk modifikasi tekstur sehingga menghasilkan produk yang kenyal.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mengetahui konsentrasi pektin dan karagenan yang tepat untuk menghasilkan tekstur yang sesuai pada pembuatan permen jelly nanas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), yang terdiri dari dua faktor, yaitu: Faktor I : Konsentrasi Pektin (P) yang terdiri dari 4 taraf, yaitu: P1 = 0,5%, P2 = 1,0 % P3 = 1,5%, P4 = 2% Faktor II : Karagenan (K) yang terdiri dari 3 taraf, yaitu:  K1 = 1%,  K2 = 1,5%, K3 = 2%. Konsentrasi pektin berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap kadar air, kadar abu, total asam organoleptik hedonik  (warna, aroma, dan tekstur), organoleptik deskriptif (warna, tekstur, dan rasa), dan berpengaruh nyata terhadap hedonik rasa serta deskriptif aroma. Konsentrasi karagenan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap kadar air, kadar abu, total asam, hedonik warna, deskriptif (warna, aroma, tekstur, dan rasa) dan berpengaruh nyata terhadap hedonik aroma. Hasil analisis permen jelly nanas menghasilkan rata-rata kadar air 11,85%, kadar abu  1,24%, total asam 0,484%, organoleptik hedonik (warna (3,49) penerimaan biasa, aroma (3,74) penerimaan biasa, tekstur (3,36) penerimaan biasa, rasa (2,50) penerimaan tidak suka), dan organoleptik deskriptif (warna (2,38) kuning kecoklatan, aroma (3,38) berbau nanas, tekstur (2,41) agak lembek, rasa (2,45) cukup manis). Perlakuan terbaik diperoleh dari permen jelly nanas dari penambahan pektin 1,5% dan karagenan 1% dengan  karakteristik kadar air 15,85%, kadar abu 1,85%,  warna 4,48 (kuning kecoklatan), aroma 4,25 (bau nanas), tekstur 3,77 (tektur lembek), dan  rasa 2,64 (cukup manis). Abstract. Pineapples can be processed into various products. One of the processed products which is fancied by many people is a jelly candy. Based on SNI 3547-2-2008, jelly candy is a soft candy processed with the addition of hydrocolloid components such as agar, gum, pectin, starch, carrageenan and gelatin which are used to modify the texture to be chewy. The aims of this research were to examine the accurate concentration of pectin and carrageenan in the production of pineapples jelly candy to produce the desirable texture. This study was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) which consisted of two factors. The first factor was concentrations of pectin (P) which consisted of four levels (P1 = 0.5%, 1.0% P2 = P3 = 1.5%, P4 = 2%). The second factor was concentration of carrageenan (K) which consisted of three levels (K1 = 1%, K2 = 1.5%, K3 = 2%). The concentration of pectin gave highly significant effects on water content, ash content, total acid, hedonic organoleptic (color, aroma and texture), descriptive organoleptic (color, texture and flavor), and significantly affected the hedonic organoleptic (flavor) and descriptive organoleptic (aroma). The concentration of carrageenan gave highly significant effect on water content, ash content, total acid, hedonic organoleptic (color), descriptive organoleptic (color, aroma, texture, and flavor) and significantly affected the hedonic organoleptic (aroma). The results showed that pineapple jelly candy had the following characteristics: water content (11.85%), ash content (1.24%), total acid (0.484%), hedonic organoleptic color (3.49; regular reception), aroma (3.74; regular reception), texture (3.36; regular reception), flavor (2.50; disliked reception), and descriptive organoleptic color (2.38; brownish yellow), aroma (3.38; pineapple smell), texture (2.41; mushy) and taste (2.45; pretty sweet). The best treatment in the production of pineapple candy jelly was gained by adding 1.5% pectin and 1% carrageenan. The candy had 15.85% water content, 1.85% ash content, 4.48 (brownish yellow) color, 4.25 (pineapple smell) aroma, 3.77 (mushy) texture and 2.67 (sweet) taste.