Turf toe

Abstract

The hallux is critical to acceleration and cutting maneuvers as required by the athlete. The metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint of the great toe receives the majority of its stability from its capsular and ligamentous structures. A tear or sprain of the capsuloligamentous structures of the hallux MTP is commonly referred to as a turf toe injury, due to its historically high association with synthetic turf fields. These injuries are often underappreciated and if undiagnosed or mistreated may lead to significant dysfunction with loss of push-off strength. Depending upon the severity, sport, and player position, turf toe injuries may sideline an athlete for weeks or months. If the injury becomes chronic, it can lead to progressive deformity, continued dysfunction, and eventual joint degeneration. The focus of this chapter is to review the anatomy, biomechanics, and function of the hallux MTP joint, as well as the types and treatments of turf toe injuries.