Attendance at the accident and emergency department in the year before suicide: Retrospective study

Abstract

Background: The National Confidential Inquiry into suicides in England and Wales found that a quarter of suicides are preceded by mental health service contact in the year before death. However, visits to accident and emergency departments due to self-harm may not lead to a record of mental health service contact. Aims: To determine the proportion of suicides preceded by accident and emergency attendance in the previous year. Method: We obtained the list of probable suicides in Leeds for a 38-month period, and examined the records from the city's accident and emergency departments for a year before each death. Results: Eighty-five (39%) of the 219 people who later died by suicide had attended an accident and emergency department in the year before death, 15% because of non-fatal self-harm. Final visits due to self-harm were often shortly before suicide (median 38 days), but the National Confidential Inquiry recorded about a fifth of them as 'not in contact' with local mental health services. Conclusions: Although many suicides are preceded by recent attendance at accident and emergency departments due to non-fatal self-harm, local mental health service records may show no recent contact. Suicide prevention might be enhanced were accident and emergency departments and mental health services to work together more closely. Declaration of interest: None.