Increase in masseter muscle activity by newly fabricated complete dentures improved brain function

Abstract

Purpose: To reveal effects of improvement of masseter muscle activity on brain function in elderly people wearing complete dentures. Methods: Subjects were 14 edentulous patients with a chief complaint of the inconvenience of their complete dentures. The surface electromyographic (EMG) activity of the masseter muscles was measured. Brain activities were analyzed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), employing chewing gum as the task program. Cognitive functions were evaluated with Trail Making Test Part A (TMT-A), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (R-OCFT). Those evaluations were performed in which subjects wore their old dentures (OD) or newly fabricated dentures (ND). Results: We compared ND condition with OD condition. The masseter muscle activity significantly increased in ND condition (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed rank test). The brain activity increased significantly in the superior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, putamen, inferior parietal lobule, cerebellum, inferior frontal lobe, and middle frontal gyrus under the ND condition than under the OD condition (p < 0.01, uncorrected, cluster size > 10 voxels). Results of TMT-A, RAVLT, and R-OCFT were also significantly improved (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed rank test). Conclusions: In the edentulous elderly, the brain activity was increased following the improvement of the masseter muscle activity. Consequently, it is possible that the improvement of the masseter muscle activity might influence on the attention, verbal skills, and visual memory.