Hubungan tingkat keparahan maloklusi dengan status karies pada remaja Relationship of malocclusion severity with caries status in adolescents

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Maloklusi adalah ketidaksesuaian hubungan gigi dan rahang yang dapat menimbulkan beberapa dampak. Salah satu dampak maloklusi adalah retensi plak yang memicu terjadinya karies karena proses demineralisasi terjadi pada permukaan gigi yang berjejal dan sulit dibersihkan. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat keparahan maloklusi dengan status karies pada remaja di SMPN 1 Kota Cimahi. Metode: Jenis penelitian adalah analitik korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh remaja di SMPN 1 Kota Cimahi. Teknik sampling yang digunakan stratified random sampling. Pemeriksaan rongga mulut dilakukan pada 61 siswa usia 12-15 tahun, sebagai subyek penelitian. Penilaian tingkat keparahan maloklusi menggunakan indeks Handicapped Maloclussion Assesment Record (HMAR) dan penilaian status karies menggunakan indeks DMF-T. Hasil: Persentase maloklusi siswa SMP Negeri 1 Kota Cimahi sebesar 96,7%, sedangkan persentase karies didapat sebesar 83,6%. Tingkat keparahan maloklusi terbanyak yang ditemukan adalah kategori sangat berat, sangat perlu perawatan, sedangkan status karies yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah kategori moderat. Analisis korelasi menggunakan metode statistik Rank Spearman dan didapat nilai p=0,036 (p<0,05). Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat keparahan maloklusi dengan status karies pada remaja di SMP Negeri 1 Kota Cimahi.Kata kunci: Tingkat keparahan maloklusi, status karies, HMAR, DMF-T, remaja ABSTRACTIntroduction: Malocclusion is a misalignment between the teeth and jaws that can cause several effects. One of the malocclusion effects is plaque retention that triggers caries because the demineralisation process occurs on the crowded tooth surface, which is difficult to clean. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between the malocclusion severity and caries status in adolescents at 1 Junior High School of Cimahi. Methods: This research was correlational analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The study population was all adolescents at 1 Junior High School of Cimahi. The sampling technique used was stratified random sampling. Oral examination was performed on 61 students aged 12-15 years old, as the subject of the study. Assessment of malocclusion severity was performed using the Handicapped Malocclusion Assessment Record (HMAR) index, and assessment of caries status was performed using the DMF-T index. Results: Percentage of malocclusion of students in 1 Junior High School of Cimahi was 96.7%, while the percentage of caries was 83.6%. The highest malocclusion severity found was a very severe category, intensive treatment necessary; while the most found caries status was a moderate category. Correlation analysis was performed using Rank Spearman statistical method which obtained the p-value = 0.036 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the malocclusion severity and caries status in adolescents at 1 Junior High School of Cimahi.Keywords: Malocclusion severity, caries status, HMAR, DMF-T, adolescents