Effector biology of plant-associated organisms: Concepts and perspectives

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Abstract

Every plantis closely associated with a varietyof living organisms. Therefore, deciphering how plants interact with mutualistic and parasitic organisms is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the biology of plants. The field of plant-biotic interactions has recently coalesced around an integrated model. Major classes of molecular players both from plants and their associated organisms have been revealed. These include cell surface and intracellular immune receptors of plants as well as apoplastic and host-cell-translocated (cytoplasmic) effectors of the invading organism. This article focuses on effectors, molecules secreted by plant-associated organisms that alter plant processes. Effectors have emerged as a central class of molecules in our integrated view of plant-microbe interactions. Their study has significantly contributed to advancing our knowledge of plant hormones, plant development, plant receptors, and epigenetics. Many pathogen effectors are extraordinary examplesofbiologicalinnovation; they includesomeofthe mostremarkable proteins knowntofunction inside plantcells.Here, we review some of the key concepts that have emerged from the study of the effectors of plant-associated organisms. In particular, we focus on how effectors function in plant tissues and discuss future perspectives in the field of effector biology. © 2012 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

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Win, J., Chaparro-Garcia, A., Belhaj, K., Saunders, D. G. O., Yoshida, K., Dong, S., … Kamoun, S. (2012). Effector biology of plant-associated organisms: Concepts and perspectives. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 77, 235–247. https://doi.org/10.1101/sqb.2012.77.015933

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