Spectroscopic Study of Citric Acid Cross-Linked Zein-BSA Particles for Intestinal Delivery of Luteolin

Abstract

Proteins provide a unique feature preferred for development of nanocarrier for drug delivery. Zein is a plant protein of hydrophobic nature known for its use as excipient material in drug delivery, whereas albumin is one of the most abundant proteins found in serum and known for its biocompatibility. Researchers have tried to combine these two properties by forming protein complexes using electrostatic interaction. Zein cross-linked with citric acid has been reported as a nontoxic cross-linker to enhance the cytocompatibility of zein particles for medical application. In this study, we report a new method of cross-linking zein and BSA with citric acid to encapsulate a hydrophobic compound, luteolin. FTIR spectroscopy and thermal studies (DSC) were used to investigate the interaction between citric acid, proteins, and phytoconstituent. The resultant spectroscopic data indicates chemical linkages between zein and BSA and also suggested physical entrapment of luteolin in particle. Moreover, luteolin release profile suggests better protection of luteolin in gastrointestinal conditions and enhances antioxidant activity after encapsulation. The encapsulation and cumulative released study was calculated using UV spectrophotometer. These nanoparticles also showed better antioxidant activity compared to bare luteolin.