Economic and Technical Analysis of the Power System with Electric Vehicles Enabling G2V and V2G

Abstract

Adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is globally accepted as an alternative option in transportation sector due to energy crisis and environmental issues. EVs’ role in the form of vehicle to grid discharging is an advanced concept in evolution of smart grid in power system. A practical driving pattern is chosen for EVs. Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) optimization technique is used to obtain the optimal number of EVs and location of electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) in distribution network in order to minimize feeder power loss cost, cost of power drawn from the main grid and EV owner power purchase cost. It is verified that the algorithm does not only provide the social optimality—minimizing the impact of EV charging/discharging on the grid and utility’s operating cost—but also satisfies EV owners’ charging preferences.