Comparative evaluation of diagnostic efficacy of serum Anti-Müllerian hormone and ultrasound in polycystic ovarian syndrome

Abstract

Aim: To study the diagnostic efficacy of serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and its comparison with ultrasonography (USG). Study design: Prospective observational study. Materials and methods: In the study group, a total of 80 women in the age group of 20 to 35 years with diagnosis of PCOS by Rotterdam’s criteria were recruited at B.R.D. Medical College, Gorakhpur, India, during the period from January 2015 to December 2016. Women without PCOS, having regular cycles which were selected randomly comprised the control group (n = 80). Serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, androstenedione, estradiol, fasting insulin, and AMH were measured on days 2 to 3 of natural cycle or progesterone-induced withdrawal bleeding together with transvaginal sonography (TVS) for detection of the number of small follicles (<10 mm) and measurement of ovarian volume (OV). The AMH levels above 5 ng/mL were taken as diagnostic cut-off for diagnosing PCOS. Results: Anti-Müllerian hormone was positively correlated to LH, estradiol, testosterone, number of follicles (<10 mm), and OV; and negatively correlated to FSH. No correlation was found between AMH and age, body mass index (BMI), waist–hip ratio (WHR), and fasting insulin. The AMH-based diagnosis of PCOS showed sensitivity of 91.25% and a specificity of 95%. Conclusion: Serum AMH level is a promising marker for diagnosis of PCOS, especially in cases where reliable USG data are not available or when there are no typical clinical and laboratory findings.