Benzoyl peroxide

Abstract

Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) was introduced in the treatment of acne in 1930s. The present review on BPO is partially based on a recent evidence-based medicine EBM analysis [1] (Fluhr 2010, p. 163; Nast 2010, p. 162). BPO with sum formula C14H104 (Fig. 56.1) is poorly soluble in water and ethanol, soluble in ether, acetone, and chloroform. BPO is considered the gold standard in topical acne treatment. Anaerobic bacteria are reduced by oxidative mechanisms and the induction of resistant strains, e.g., in topically applied antibiotics is reduced. Topical formulations are available at concentrations of 2.5 %, 5 %, 10 %, and 20 %. The effect is dose dependent, but the irritation increases with higher concentrations.