For the past 30 years, improvements in the survival of patients with osteosarcoma have been mostly incremental. Despite evidence of genomic instability and a high frequency of chromothripsis and kataegis, osteosarcomas carry few recurrent targetable mutations, and trials of targeted agents have been generally disappointing. Bone has a highly specialized immune environment and many immune signalling pathways are important in bone homeostasis. The success of the innate immune stimulant mifamurtide in the adjuvant treatment of non-metastatic osteosarcoma suggests that newer immune-based treatments, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, may substantially improve disease outcome.
CITATION STYLE
Kansara, M., Teng, M. W., Smyth, M. J., & Thomas, D. M. (2014, October 27). Translational biology of osteosarcoma. Nature Reviews Cancer. Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc3838
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