Plant pests and disease detection using optical sensors / Daljinsko zaznavanje rastlinskih bolezni in škodljivcev

Abstract

Plant pests and disease detection using optical sensors Traditional agricultural plant pest and disease management practices are based on visible characteristics and require that plants are checked individually, making these practices time consuming and therefore costly. Plant pests and diseases also often exhibit a heterogeneous distribution, making detection more difficult. Remote sensing methods enable comparatively accurate detection of pests and diseases over larger areas. Furthermore, because remote sensing sensors utilize light outside the human visible spectrum, presymptomatic detection becomes possible, thus facilitating timely, appropriate and spatially accurate management practices. Because remote sensing systems generate large amount of data, novel data analysis methods, such as machine learning, were introduced to plant protection. While pest and disease detection is possible using individual sensors , best results can be obtained by combining different sensors, utilizing different spectral ranges or physiological responses to light. A large amount of data and information has been generated in the past, but this research has mostly been focused on individual pathogens. Future research will have to focus on combined infections or infestations, and include abiotic stressors as well. IZVLEČEK Daljinsko zaznavanje rastlinskih bolezni in škodljivcev Velikokrat tradicionalni pristopi varstva rastlin pred rastlinskimi boleznimi in škodljivci temeljijo na vidnih simptomih, ki vključuje redno pregledovanje posameznih rastlin. Postopki so zato lahko dolgotrajni in s tem dragi. Bolezni in škodljivci imajo v prostoru pogosto heterogeno razporeditev, kar otežuje njihovo odkrivanje. Metode daljin-skega zaznavanja omogočajo razmeroma natančno odkriva-nje škodljivcev in bolezni na večjih območjih. Ker uporablja-jo senzorji daljinskega zaznavanja tudi svetlobo izven nam vidnega spektra, je možno tudi zgodnje odkrivanje, t.j. od-krivanje pred razvojem vidnih znakov bolezni. To omogoča pravočasno, ustrezno in prostorsko natančno upravljanje z boleznimi in škodljivci. Sistemi daljinskega zaznavanja ustvarjajo velike količine podatkov, zato so bile v varstvo ra-stlin uvedene sodobne metode za analizo podatkov, na primer strojno učenje. Čeprav je možno zaznava bolezni in ško-dljivcev z uporabo posameznih senzorjev, lahko dosežemo najboljše rezultate z združevanjem različnih senzorjev, torej z uporabo različnih spektralnih območij ali fizioloških odzi-vov na svetlobo. Dosedanje raziskave so bile osredotočene na posamezne škodljivce in bolezni. Prihodnje raziskave se bodo morale osredotočiti na kombinirane okužbe ter vklju-čevati tudi abiotske stresorje.