HIV Medications as Drugs of Abuse

Abstract

Antiretrovirals (ARVs) have been increasingly reported among medications diverted to the black market, and ARVs have been described as a category of emerging drugs of abuse. We present an overview of media reports, qualitative studies, and quantitative studies that characterize the diversion and recreational use of ARVs, particularly efavirenz, in the United States and South Africa. Theoretical reasons for the misuse of ARVs are explored. Further research is needed to understand the prevalence, patterns, and consequences of ARV diversion and misuse.